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What is Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B)?


Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) is a relatively new technology that allows ground-based stations and pilots to detect other similarly equipped aircraft in the airspace. Satellite-based GPS determines the position of an aircraft at altitude and speed, the type of flight, and the number and whether the aircraft is climbing, turning or declining. The information is updated multiple seconds at a time and is sent to a universal access transceiver. It allows aircraft operating within 150 miles of the area to view an image of these signals in a cockpit display of information about traffic and ground stations to view a visual representation of their regular traffic displays.

Garmin International Inc. and Sensis Corp. (2006a, 2006b) explain the numerous advantages of using ADS-B for UAS DSA-based applications. In short, ADS-B provides users with reliable and precise information and additional navigational variables (e.g., speed, speed heading, etc.) in close to real-time. The wide range of services that ADS-B provides gives the time needed to prevent collisions. Satellites' use means that information is accessible in areas where radar isn't practical or accessible. ADS-B offers additional levels of security through automated features, such as collision warnings. Because it utilizes established technologies for communication, ADS-B could be put into place quicker and at a cheaper expense than similar systems. ADS-B is also able to provide a flexible software structure. It can evolve to the latest technology. One of the most advanced aspects of the ADSB system is a partnership between industries - the FAA project in Alaska called Capstone. The program has significantly reduced accident incidence in Alaska and proved the efficiency of ADS-B for UASs.

ADS–B is a performance–based surveillance technology that is more precise than radar and consists of two different services: ADS–B Out and ADS–B In.

The DS-B out system transmits information regarding the aircraft's GPS location and altitude, as well as ground speed along with various other data in real-time to ground stations as well as other aircrafts, every second. ADS-B Out's airspace as well as equipment requirements are outlined within 14 CFR SS 91.225 along with equipment requirements for performance are found in SS91.227. ADS-B In supplies users of properly equipped aircraft with weather and traffic location information that is directly delivered in the cockpit.

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