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A Guide to the Types of Bombers In Military History


From fast and agile fighter bombers to giant, long-range strategic bombers, military air forces worldwide use various aircraft for bombing missions. This guide will provide an overview of the different bomber planes used in modern warfare.

 

Biplane Bombers

Biplanes were the first type of bomber aircraft used in warfare, entering service during World War I. These bombers are characterized by two parallel wings, usually with an open cockpit for the pilot and observer. The biplane was famous due to its manoeuvrability and speed, allowing it to perform bomber missions and other roles such as reconnaissance and ground attack. Keystone B-4: The Keystone B-4 was a biplane bomber built by the Keystone Aircraft company for the United States Army Air Corps.

 

Keystone B-4

 

Dive Bombers 

A dive bomber is an aircraft that dives directly at its targets to provide greater accuracy for the bomb it drops. Diving towards the target simplifies the bomb's trajectory and allows the pilot to keep visual contact throughout the bomb run. This allowed attacks on point targets and ships, which were difficult to attack with conventional-level bombers, even en masse.

Dive bombers were used in the 1930s and 1940s. They are distinguished from other bomber aircraft by their steep dive angles when releasing their payload. Such aircraft include the German Stuka and Ju 87, American SB2C Helldiver, Japanese Aichi D3A Val, and the Russian Ilyushin Il-2 Stormovik. Many of these planes featured enclosed cockpits with a glass canopy for improved visibility and rear gunners for self-defence against enemy fighter planes.

 

Ilyushin Il-2

 

Built-in more significant numbers than any other military aircraft in history, the Il-2 was a war-winner for the Soviets, with over 36,000 built between 1941 and 1955. The ground attacker was capable of defeating the best-protected German tanks.

 

Jet Bombers 

Jet bombers such as the famous B-52 Stratofortress, first produced in 1952, are some of the most well-known modern military aircraft. These planes were first used during the Korean War and then extensively during the Vietnam War. The most powerful of these bomber jets is the Russian Tupolev Tu-22M Backfire. Its conical shape increases airspeed and manoeuvrability, making it suitable for operations at low altitudes and over longer distances.

The appearance of the Tu-22M bomber came as a shock to NATO, and Western navies, in particular, soon had to find countermeasures to this powerful strike aircraft, the wartime tasks of which would have included missions against carrier battle groups and convoys supporting any conflict on the European continent.

 

Tupolev Tu-22M

 

Strategic Bombers 

Strategic bombers are significant aircraft that attack enemy infrastructure and military bases deep in the enemy's territory. These planes typically have a greater payload than tactical or carrier-based bombers and can fly long distances, up to 12,000 miles, on a single flight. A few examples of strategic bombers are the American B-1 Lancer and the Russian Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack. They usually carry powerful air-to-air weapons such as missiles and cannons for self-defence.

The Rockwell B-1 Lancer is a supersonic variable-sweep wing, heavy bomber by the United States Air Force. It is commonly called the "Bone" (from "B-One"). It is one of three strategic bombers serving in the U.S. Air Force fleet along with the B-2 Spirit and the B-52 Stratofortress as of 2023.

 

Rockwell B-1 Lancer

 

Cruise Missiles

Cruise missiles are the newest type of bomber used in modern warfare. They're often robotic drones powered by jet engines or turbofans and guided by an onboard computer or remote control. These missiles can fly for extended periods and can reach impressive speeds. Cruise missiles allow governments to attack military targets without risk to their human pilots, as they're operated remotely and have no living crew on board.

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